Understanding Colonic Polyps: A Patient Guide

A colonic polyp is a small growth that forms on the inner lining of the large bowel (colon). While the word "growth" can be concerning, it is important to know that most polyps are benign (non-cancerous). However, over several years, some types of polyps can develop into cancer, which is why identifying and managing them is a key part of digestive health.

 

Types of Polyps

Polyps generally fall into two physical categories:

• Pedunculated: These grow on a "stalk," resembling a small mushroom.

• Sessile: These are flat and grow directly against the lining of the bowel.

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Risk Factors

While anyone can develop a polyp, certain factors increase the likelihood:

• Age: Risk increases significantly after age 45.

• Family History: A history of polyps or bowel cancer in your family.

• Lifestyle: Factors such as smoking, alcohol consumption, and a diet high in processed meats.

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Symptoms to Watch For

In many cases, polyps do not cause any symptoms, and people may not know they have them. When symptoms do occur, they may include:

• Rectal Bleeding: Noticing blood in your stool or after using the bathroom.

• Changes in Bowel Habits: Persistent diarrhea or constipation that is unusual for you.

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Finding and Treating Polyps

Because polyps often show no symptoms, screening is essential. Screening can detect polyps early when they are easiest to manage. Common methods include:

1. Stool Tests: Checking for hidden blood.

2. Colonoscopy: A procedure where a small camera is used to look inside the bowel.

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If a polyp is found: Doctors usually remove polyps during a colonoscopy to prevent them from potentially turning into cancer later. In some instances, your doctor may recommend further scans or regular surveillance to monitor your bowel health.

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Prevention and Lifestyle Tips

While you cannot control age or genetics, you can lower your risk through healthy daily habits:

• Diet: Focus on high-fiber foods and reduce your intake of processed meats.

• Exercise: Maintain a regular physical activity routine.

• Tobacco: If you smoke, taking steps to quit can significantly improve your digestive and overall health.

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Polyp Surveillance: The "Check-Up"

If polyps are found and removed, your clinical team may place you on a surveillance programme. This involves having "check-up" colonoscopies at set intervals (such as every 1, 3, or 5 years).

• Purpose: To monitor the lining of the bowel and ensure any new polyps are caught and removed promptly.

• Personalised Care: The frequency of these check-ups depends on the type, size, and number of polyps found, as well as your personal and family medical history.

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Why screening matters?

Whilst most polyps are benign some can get bigger and become cancers. One of the aims of screening is to detect and remove polyps early, which is done through the national bowel cancer screening programme in the UK. 

 

How to Take Part

The NHS automatically sends screening kits every two years to people aged 50 to 74 who are registered with a GP.

 

If You Are Aged 75 or Over

While automatic invitations stop at age 74, you can still take part and are encouraged to do so. You have the "opt-in" option to request a screening kit every two years to continue monitoring your health.

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Who to Contact

If you are over 75 and wish to request a kit, or if you are between 50 and 74 and haven't received yours, you can call the NHS Bowel Cancer Screening Helpline:

Free Helpline: 0800 707 60 60 > (Open Monday to Friday, 9am to 5pm)

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Important Note: This information is for general education and does not replace professional medical advice. If you have concerns, speak with your doctor about advise tailored to you.

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